Cyber security threats are malicious activities or events that exploit vulnerabilities in information systems, networks, or digital assets to cause harm, disruption, or data compromise. In Australia, cyber security threats continue to rise across sectors including finance, healthcare, government, education, and critical infrastructure. Common threats include ransomware attacks, phishing campaigns, insider threats, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, and supply chain compromises. The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) regularly reports increased targeting of Australian organisations by both criminal syndicates and nation-state actors. Effective management of cyber security threats requires proactive monitoring, threat intelligence integration, vulnerability management, and alignment with frameworks such as the Essential Eight and ISO 27001. By understanding cyber security threats and implementing layered defensive controls, organisations can reduce operational disruption, regulatory exposure, and financial loss while strengthening long-term resilience.